English translation
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Trombone, horn, trumpet, baritone horn, and tuba are categorized as brass instruments. There's a vast array of ensemble pieces available for brass players. Quintets, quartets, and trios are the most common, but larger ensembles, such as marching bands and brass choirs, also play a significant part. It's crucial for students learning a brass instrument to have opportunities to explore this music, ideally through regular participation in ensemble groups.
Horn education can begin once students are physically developed enough to hold the instrument, usually around 12 years old. However, instruments specially designed for younger players are available. It's common for students to initially learn on another smaller brass instrument, such as the trumpet, cornet, or alto horn.
There are three types of starter instruments: the single F horn, the single B♭ horn, and the double F/B♭ horn. Each has its advantages and disadvantages. The double horn, with its thumb valve, combines the F and B♭ horns into one instrument, allowing students to experience the benefits of both. A medium bell double horn is often the best choice for students at most learning stages and is essential for advanced education. It's important to note that double horns are more expensive and heavier than single horns.
The tuba is a large and imposing instrument. It is thus preferable for students to start their education on a smaller brass instrument. However, smaller tubas specifically designed for young learners have been developed in recent years. Tuba education can begin once students are physically capable of playing the instrument, usually between 10-12 years old.
Because of their cost, music schools and bands often lend tubas to students. Tubas are available in various sizes and keys. The B♭ and E♭ tubas are the most common and the curriculum is designed with such instruments in mind.
The tuba is featured in all music styles but primarily used in marching bands, symphony orchestras, and chamber groups. While not typically a solo instrument, there is a significant repertoire of solo pieces for the tuba, many of which are arrangements from other instruments, such as the cello and trumpet.